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Southeast > News > Prevention News > Feb 05 News this Month |
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New this Month - February 2005 Below are citations/abstracts of recently published articles and publications that have been authored and/or co-authored by Pacific Institute staff. Berkeley - Joel Grube Grube, J. W., Preventing alcohol-related problems: Alcohol policy challenges. Transportation Research Circular, E-C072, 97-126. 2005. (available online at: http://trb.org/publications/circulars/ec072.pdf.,
Scott Tippetts Tippetts, A.S.; Voas, R.B.; Fell, J.C.; Nichols, J.L.,A meta-analysis of .08 BAC laws in 19 jurisdictions in the United States. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37(1): 149-161. 2005. [with R.B. Voas & J.C. Fell of PIRE/Calverton]. Abstract: More than a dozen studies on the effectiveness of the .08 blood alcohol concentration (BAC) laws have been published; however, those studies have varied both in the statistical methods and the type of outcome measure used, so it is difficult to integrate the findings into an overall estimate of the effectiveness of the law. This study used a consistent outcome measure, drinking drivers in fatal crashes and an identical methodology time-series analysis, to analyze the introduction of the .08 law in 18 states and the District of Columbia from 1982 to 2000. Each analysis accounted for other key safety laws (administrative license suspension/revocation and safety belt laws), as well as economic conditions that might influence the effectiveness of the .08 law. This provided 19 independent evaluations in which the effectiveness (treatment effect) of the law could be measured in the same quantitative terms. The number of drinking drivers in fatal crashes declined in 16 of the 19 jurisdictions after the .08 law was adopted. Nine of the 16 reductions were statistically significant (p < .05). The effect size combined across all 19 locations showed statistically significant decline (p < .005) of 14.8% in the rate of drinking drivers in fatal crashes after the .08 laws were introduced. The reduction was greater in states that had an administrative license suspension/revocation law and implemented frequent sobriety checkpoints. This analysis suggests that 947 lives might have been saved, had all 50 states and the District of Columbia had the .08 law throughout the year 2000. Eduard Zaloshnja Zaloshnja, E.; Miller, T.R.; Lawrence, B.A.; Romano, E., The costs of unintentional home injuries. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(1): 88-94. 2005. [with T.R. Miller, B.A. Lawrence and E. Romano of PIRE/Calverton]. Abstract: Background: Unintentional home injuries impose significant,
but little reported, costs to society. The most tangible are medical and
indirect costs. A less-tangible cost is the value of lost quality of life
due to impairment or death. Methods: A societal perspective was adopted
in estimating unintentional home injury costs. All costs associated with
the injuries are included in the analysis-costs to victims, families,
government, insurers, and taxpayers. The costs are incidence based, meaning
all costs that will result from an injury over time are counted in the
year that the injury occurs. Results: Unintentional home injuries cost
U.S. society at least $217 billion in 1998. The cost of fatal unintentional
injuries alone was $34 billion, with nonfatal injuries accounting for
the remaining $183 billion. The largest cost was the value of lost quality
of life at $162 billion. Medical costs and indirect costs were $22 billion
and $33 billion, respectively. Chapel Hill- Beth Moracco Petersen, R.; Moracco, K.E.; Goldstein, K.M.; Clark, K.A., Moving beyond disclosure: women's perspectives on barriers and motivations to seeking assistance for intimate partner violence. Women & Health, 40(3): 65-78, 2004. Moracco, K.E.; Hilton, A.; Hodges, K.; Frasier, P.Y., Knowledge and Attitudes about Intimate Partner Violence among Immigrant Latinos in Rural North Carolina: Baseline Information and Implications for Outreach. Violence Against Women, 11(3): 337-352. 2005.
Jim Mosher Mosher, J.; Hingson, R.; Bunker, J.; Bonnie, R., Reducing Underage Drinking: The Role of Law. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Special Supplement. 32(4): 38-41, Winter 2004. Louisville - No New Citations Madison - No New Citations Providence - No New Citations
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- New Library Acquisitions Caughlin, J.P.; Malis, R.S., Demand/withdraw communication between parents and adolescents: connections with self-esteem and substance use. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(1): 125-148, 2004. Abstract: Although there is a clear link between parent-adolescent conflict
and undesireable outcomes such as poor self-esteem and drug use among
adolescents, less is known about why some conflict between prents and
adolescents is associated with negative health outcomes, whereas other
conflict between parents and adolescents is not. This study examined this
issue by focusing on the demand/withdraw pattern of conflict, which involves
one person nagging or criticizing while the other person avoids the topic.
A sample of 57 parent-adolescent dyads completed a study that included
both self-reports of demand/withdraw and outside ratings of the extent
to which the dyad engaged in demand/withdraw during audiotaped conversations.
The topics of the conversations included issues important to the parent,
issues important to the adolescent, and alcohol and drug use among teenagers.
As expected, frequent demand/withdraw was associated with low self-esteem
and high alcohol and drug use for both adolecents and parents. These findings
are consistent with the notion that demand/withdraw between parents and
adolescents tends to be associated with particularly destructive conflict
that have both indirect health implications (e.g., because low self-esteem
is associated with health risk behaviors) and direct health implications
(e.g., health risk behaviors like alcohol and drug use). The results also
suggest that to prevent the more common pattern of Marchau, V.A.W.J.; van der Heijden, R.E.C.M.; Molin, E.J.E., Desireability of advanced driver assistance from road safety perspective: the case of ISA. Safety Science, 43: 11-27, 2005. Abstract: The potential contribution of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) to traffic safety policies is currently unknown. In this article we first investigate how different ADAS might contribute to public goals on road traffic safety, based on accident statistics in the Netherlands. Next, the societal costs of ADAS implementation are qualitatively assessed. Intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) appears to be one of the most promising devices in terms of cost-effectiveness, as compared to other ADAS applications. Finally, the acceptance among potential ISA users is explored based on a survey among potential ISA users. The study points out that although the advantages of ISA are recognised by car drivers, their willingness to purchase and use ISA is strictly conditioned by the costs and functionality of the system.
Abstract: This study identifies the prevalence, correlates, and sources associated with the illicit use of prescription pain medication among undergraduate college students. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was self-administered by a large random sample of 9,161 undergraduate students attending a large Midwestern university in the United States. Although undergraduate women were more likely to be prescribed pain medication, men were more likely to be approached to divert their prescription pain medication and report illicit use of prescription pain medication. Multivariate analyses indicated past year illicit use of prescription pain medication was higher among undergraduate students who were: previously prescribed pain medication, living in a house or apartment, and earning lower grade point averages. The majority of students obtained prescription pain medication for illicit use from peers and the second leading source was family members. There were several gender differences in the risk factors and sources of illicit use of prescription pain medication. Based on qualitative data, illicit use included recreational use for the purposes of intoxication and self-medication for pain episodes. Illicit users, who obtained prescription pain medication from peers, reported significantly higher rates of other substance use while those who obtained prescription medications from family members did not. These findings suggest that the illicit use of prescription pain medications may represent a problem among undergraduate students and effective prevention efforts are needed that account for gender differences.
Abstract: In this study, we explored if patterns in the transition from alcohol/tobacco in the Mexican State of Morelos, Mexico are similar to those observed in other countries. Methods: The data were from a representative sample of youth age 11-21 years (n=13,105), who participated in a paper-and-pencil survey in middle schools, high schools, and colleges in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Drug use was assessed via the standardized instrument mostly used in Mexican student surveys. Cox's models for discrete time--survival analyses, stratiefied by school and age group were used to estimate the risk of drug use in relation to age of alcohol and tobacco use initiation by gender, while accommodating the complex survey design. Results: About 5% of the students were estimated to have used drugs in their life. Male early users of alcohol or tobacco were more likely to use other drugs, compared to students who did not have an early alcohol or tobacco onset. Comment: Further studies on social mechanisms might help to account for observed similarities in patterns of drug involvement in different countries, even in the context of important differences in rates of drug use. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prevention in the News January 30, 2005 - Legislative proposals combat underage drinking - Fort Collins Coloradoan (CO) http://www.coloradoan.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050130/NEWS01/501300314/1002 January 27, 2005 - Keg registration, penalties proposed to curb underage drinking - Billings Gazette (MT) http://www.billingsgazette.com/index.php?tl=1&display=rednews/2005/01/27/build/state/69-underagedrinking.inc January 27, 2005 - Lawsuits Take Aim at Ads for Alcohol - Los Angeles
Times January 19, 2005 - Jury adds $75 million penalty for beer seller - Newark Star Ledger (NJ) http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/jersey/index.ssf?/base/news-8/1106203098175960.xml January 15, 2005 - Is BC Overlooking The Devastating Impact Of Compulsive
Gambling? January 8, 2005 - Alcohol Increases Co-eds' Risk of Sexual Assault - Forbes http://www.forbes.com/lifestyle/health/feeds/hscout/2005/01/08/hscout520790.html January 3, 2005 - Young Drivers In SC Driving Safer -WSOCtv.com (NC) http://www.wsoctv.com/news/4041104/detail.html January 2, 2005 -Time to study all those reports by researchers - Chicago Sun Times http://www.suntimes.com/output/quicktakes/cst-nws-qt02.html |
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